The PMF-process is to be classified between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis due to the separation limits. The acid containing process solution flows along the membranes under pressure. At the same time the monovalent ions e. g. hydrogen-, nitrate- and fluoride-ions pass the membranes whilst the bi- and trivalent ions as iron- and other metal ions are retained at the membrane. This leads to a partition in an acidic stream (permeate) poor in metall, which is returned again in the process and in a stream rich in metals (concentrate) and poor in acid, which is carried away from the process.
The PMF-process achieves recovery rates of 95 to 99% for nitric acid, 95 to 99% for hydrofluoric acid and separation rates up to 99% for metals.
Steuler Industriewerke
Fax 02624/13290
Further information cpp-222
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